New Changes and Emerging Disturbances to Agriculture

New Changes and Emerging Disturbances For along time smallholder agricultural systems has depended on inorganic fertilizers to supply the nitrogen required for crop growth as well as maintaining or slowing the rate of carbon loss. However, in other cases especially in Nitrogen limited environment of cereal based cropping systems (such as Mzimba district), fertilizer additions can actually enhance soil carbon loss (Snapp and Pound, 2008). The continued use of inorganic fertilizers has reduced soil carbon in the district and hence reduced the water holding capacity of the soil. Sustainable use of fertilizers is accompanied by the availability of residues in the soil however an emerging challenge is that recently there has been a competing demand for residues between crops and livestock. The clearing of land in search for settlement land and opening of new farming land has led to reduced forest areas and/or grasslands where livestock used to graze and consequently, they depend solely on crop residues. This competition redu ces the availability of residues to replenish soil organic matter and in the process the resilience of the agricultural systems. The outcome of the loss of resilience if increased reduced soil fertility and eventually low productivity. Another emerging change and irregular disturbance to the resilience of the agro ecosystem happening in the district is the issue of burning farming land in quest for reducing labour requirements when preparing the land forShow MoreRelatedThe Coastal And Marine Conservation And Management Approaches907 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognition of the coastal environment, existing and emerging threats and important economic value, implies that a feasible management approach is necessary. 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(+) Generous natural resources Nigeria has suitable climate and soil for agriculture and extensive oil and gas andRead MoreThe Rice Wheat Farming System3246 Words   |  13 PagesSYSTEM TO THE AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS AND WEATHER Rice wheat farming system: The Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) of south Asia is formed by the sedimentation of alluvial soil by the Indus and the Ganges rivers. The large fertile plain with flowing rivers favours agriculture. The rice-wheat farming system in the Indo-Gangetic plain occupies 13.5 M ha of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal (Timsina and Connor, 2001). In India, the rice-wheat farming system is the major source of food security as it produces more thanRead MoreProgression vs Conservation-From the View Point of Third World Countries3064 Words   |  13 PagesEnvironment Debate,† n.d.) 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Is Facebook A Popular Free Social Networking Essay

The actual century is mainly marked by the rapid expansion of technologies and their unlimited diary improvement, so that led to an immediate fast development of social network services in the communication world. As result, almost everywhere and everybody even new born are now actors and participants onto the network world, and mostly its giant named face book. What is Facebook? According to the online dictionary WhatIs.com â€Å"Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues†. All those features offered for free by the actual giant of the network service attract almost everybody since those features are the most usual into the modern society. Therefore, the huge concentration of the majority on these Facebook features let imagine human beings more and more addicted to their new technological passion, and for that reason they keep losing their outgoing and basic social behavior. Face book is available any time, it helps to exchange information and to communicate people worldwide. Beyond hundreds of other social network services most known such as QQ., Whatsapp., Qzone., WeChat., LinkedIn., Skype., Google+., Instagram., Baidu Tieba., Twitter., Viber., †¦, Facebook remains â€Å"the world’s largest social network†, and â€Å"it is available worldwide†(Mehra) . Therefore, it appears clearly verified how Facebook with its social and convenientShow MoreRelatedEssay on Social Networking in Business1149 Words   |  5 PagesMike Swanstrom 3/29/2010 Social Networking In Business Introduction Social networking in business is the study of individuals interacting socially for business purposes. 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The empire created by MySpace was then further expanded by a new generation of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. This era was marked with innovative new features including video chat and increased commercialization of businesses, leading to increased popularity and growth whi ch is intangible. The change in social networking over the past several years has modernized

Online Social Media Platforms

Question: Describe about the Online Social Media Platform. Answer: 1.0 Introduction The following assignment relates to the application of online social media platforms by individual users as well as by business entities. Social media has a pertinent impact on the operational as well as the marketing policies adopted by a business enterprise. It creates visibility for the brand and creates an interpersonal relationship with the consumers. Besides this, social media is an effective platform that enables users as well as consumes to stay in touch and post their feedbacks. However, there arise certain issues when using online social media platforms. In certain instances, the safety and security of consumers have been compromised (Duggan Brenner, 2013). In addition, there has been leak of confidential data. As such, it remains essential to safeguard users against such hazards to retain the effectiveness of online social media platforms. 1.1 Background Proper enhancement is made to the life of both users and the organizations by the rapid growth of social media. Social media makes global collaboration with the help of the shared information through the online platform and adopting the e-business and e-commerce model. According to the current trend, it is observed that social media forms the community of online communication channels by the combination of community-based inputs, coherent sharing of information, and proper collaboration. This particular formation is done by the various websites, web application, social networking, microblogging, Wikipedia, and different types of social forums (Sandilands, 2013). Adopting the different social application is the nature of modern day businesses as well as individuals. Social media emphasises on two separate aspects of the interest of people to develop relationships with the others; one is related to the protection from predation, and the other is seeking valuable information driving the appropriate decision-making. By aiming these particular intensions of the modern day human beings, social media facilitates the establishment of the overall system to guide the businesses for the achievement of success in their respective way of operations. Over the years, the continuous evolution of social media produces different kinds of benefits to the businesses and users (Kim Ko, 2012). However, some critical drawbacks can also be observed due to the application of the existing framework. Over the years, users, as well as businesses, have exposed to the number of threats posed by the different factors of social media (Van Dijck, 2013). Therefore, the research aims to investigate the utilisation of social media by the small businesses to explore the countless opportunities while facing significant challenges at the same time. 1.2 Problem Statement It is a known and obvious fact that the internet and information plays a significant role in the lives of people as well as the business leading the social media phenomenon as the interesting topic to research. Because of the fundamental influences of social media on the attitudes of people and brand image of the company, the particular interest on social media is provided importantly (Aral, Dellarocas Godes, 2013). Due to the influence of economic crisis, many brands suffered the diminishing sales and falling rates of customer satisfaction. According to the investigation, the individual financial crisis is not the only reason for the brand failure. Due to the perception issues, brands like MySpace and GAP have faced the declining sales alongside necessity of rebranding. Based on such scenario, companies are continuously prioritising on the changing preferences and opinions of the customers to cope up with the growing requirement. It is possible by embracing the advanced technology and avoiding the common challenges eventually (Castronovo, Huang, 2012). The relevance of brand attitudes can be found in different segments of the market, which confirmed by the previous studies. This individual face articulates that the actuality of the problem is evident from the business as well as users context. Therefore, the companies and the marketers are facing particular difficulties to cope up with the evolving brand attitudes of the customers while considering the widespread of social media and increasing number of social media users (Brennan, 2014). All the companies are engaged in building positive brand attitudes or at least an attitude that can lead them towards the profitability and attaining the leading position in the market by exploring the future opportunities of growth. It is found that different factors associated with social media failed to deliver the proper information to the companies supporting the development of the helpful insight about the customers a ttitude towards a brand, which is necessary for achieving the business objectives. 1.3 Significance of the Research The existing environment related to the social media users and the presence of social media platforms ensures the presence of the variety of companies into the same marketplace causing unfeasibility of the in-depth information required by the businesses (Tuten Solomon, 2014). Furthermore, the existing solutions are cannot be generalised for the numerous company belonging to the broad range of industries and locations. With the help of this study, it is expected that the strategies adopted by the small to medium businesses can be identified regarding the utilisation of social media to ensure the increasing customer engagement. Apart from that, the significance of the research is based on addressing the challenges faced by the businesses to adopt the suitable strategy related to utilisation of social media and exploring solutions to mitigate those. 1.4 Purpose and Aims The principal purpose of the study is based on investigating and developing proper strategies for the small and medium sized businesses to adopt the utilisation of social media adequately for interacting with the customers actually (Stephen Galak, 2012). Based on the identified aims, it is essential for the study to investigate the different challenges and obstacles faced by the businesses and individuals in the modern day environment. The primary purposes of the survey are highlighted below: Determining the implications of social media on the performance levels of the business Reviewing the current approaches adopted by the businesses related to the social media and their relevancy with the chosen business objectives Shaping the usefulness of social medial to generate leads Investigating the availability of unique approaches to mitigate the identified challenges for the users and the businesses 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This chapter is designed to highlight the key pieces of literature for examining the roles of different approaches as part of the social networking framework in the strategic marketing process of the small to medium businesses. To achieve the aim, the literatures, and the theoretical frameworks will be reviewed from different perspectives specifically covering from the strategic planning and integrated market communication process, as adopted by these companies. (Newman et al., 2012). With the help of the process, different understandings related to the theoretical underpinnings will be developed to explore the issues associated with the growth and sustainability of these companies, while assessing the obstacles from overcoming the competition in the respective market. 2.2 Strategic Planning and the Role of Marketing The competitive advantage can be gained by the internal strengths and market opportunities of the organization. Alternatively, the success of the business also depends on the ability of its value promotion to identify and address the needs and expectations of the target market (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). According to Aaker and Mcloughlin (2010), the strategic direction of the organization must need to be in line with the perceived value of the target market, and the overall processes referred to the strategic fit. Based on the argument of Hough et al. (2011), the individual process is achieved by the firm effectively with the help of strategic planning, which helps the business to define the vision and objectives. It is acknowledged that the certain factor helps the businesses to understand its business environment for driving the formation and implementation strategies while controlling the different areas of operations (Hollensen, 2015). In this situation, McDaniel et al. (20 13) explained that the use of social media by the businesses helps them to carry out their marketing by extracting detailed information about the attitudes and demands of the customers. The process facilitates the exchange of value in a significant manner between the organization and the target market. With the help of the understanding, it is observed that adoption of social media influences the development of marketing approaches for an organization while the marketing is playing significant roles in the strategic planning process. 2.3 Direct Marketing Communications Marketing of the organization is composed of different methods like telemarketing, direct mail, digital marketing, door-to-door leafleting, and digital marketing (De Vries, Gensler Leeflang, 2012). By looking at the modern day context, digital marketing is continuously gaining the utmost amount of importance due to the consistent evolution of the techniques to develop the communication between the people and organizations. John Fahy and David Jobber (2012) defined digital marketing as the combination of digital technologies used for achieving the marketing objectives of the business. Therefore, the characterisation of digital marketing is done by considering the significant changes in the communication process involved. From the perspective of utilising the social media, Fahy and Jobber (2012) further explained that the businesses of the modern day environment face the significant amount of challenges in the process of coping up with the new technologic requirements. Apart from that , challenges are also observed in finding new generation of customers according to the utilisation of media (Trainor, et al., 2014). Therefore, the businesses should need to provide growing importance to the social media for factor integrated into the marketing strategy would help the businesses to communicate and engage the customers to the organization. Previous researchers, in this case, have outlined three major components of social media marketing agreeing on the effective involvement of social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Google Plus (Hudson Thal, 2013). Apart from that, these businesses must need to concentrate on their presence in microblogs and image sharing websites. 2.4 Internet Marketing and Difference of Strategies Because of the socio-cultural conditions, consumer behaviours are changing rapidly in the modern day business environment, while it is observed that people have less time for different factors (Seidel Chatelier, 2013). Due to the increasing work hours and growing number of women participating in the workforce, the time value of individuals has become highly important. Zappala and Gray (2006) argued that the significant rise of social media is based on the capability of the factor emphasising on such fact related to the modern day society by dramatically changing the purchasing and communication process for the individuals (Luo Zhang, 2013). The fast and efficient communication can be developed with the inclusion of social media to access the vast array of information for the users and businesses. Zappala and Gray identified the noticeable difference in the data area. According to Ingham et al. (2012), the customers can access the wide range of quality information by the use of internet related to the product and service related details and different promotional activities as part of the business marketing. The process is highly distinct from the traditional marketing regarding accessing the information and approaching to the reach of customers (Albarran, 2013). Apart from that, the authors have also noticed differences regarding the client relationship process. By the integration of social media in the marketing strategies, the businesses are required to develop the interactive relationships with the customers through the direct involvement, something that is far too different from the previous way of marketing. 2.5 Summary The overall chapter has successfully highlighted the overview of the relevant works of literature covering the small business marketing, integrated techniques of the marketing, and social media marketing. It is observed that the fundamental struggle is highly faced by the small businesses regarding the use of social media to reach towards the customers. It is important to mention that the existing researches conducted on the use of social media by the small businesses have failed to gain insights on the strategies employed by these firms for ensuring the favourable customer engagement (Malthouse, et al., 2013). Therefore, the overall understanding lead towards the need of additional research to gain deeper insight into developing some important approaches or method to address and eliminate the critical challenges associated with the use of social media by the businesses. 3.0 A Proposed Model Apart from the benefits of social media in the enhancement of life and marketing aspect of the business, different challenges and difficulties can be articulated by the help of literatures, highlighted earlier. Therefore, the application of proper models is required for improving each area of the identified issues. 3.1 Justification of New or Updated Models Firstly, SONET model should need to be implemented for measuring the quality of information and most importantly the privacy of data in the social networking sites. The tools of SONET model are adequately effective for achieving such objective. Secondly, particular attention is needed to be provided to the shared information to ensure the success of the business (Kumar, et al., 2013). Different techniques should need to be applied as part of this process to maximise the spread of the shared information. Thirdly, the platform like Verily should need to be considered for verifying the information collected from the social media to eliminate the misleading statistics. Lastly, the social measurement model must need to be developed for measuring the digital marketing success of the business while reducing the challenges in the process. 3.2 Explanation of Models SONET Model: SONET model is developed by two different tools called as PrivAware and Privometer providing online security to the shared information. As specified by (Thomas Thomas, 2012), sensitive information of the business or the individuals can be easily hacked by the hackers causing some significant amount of damages to the privacy related criteria of the businesses. Furthermore, (Thomas Thomas, 2012) have outlined the involvement of PrivAware and Privometer. Based on the critical analysis, PrivAware helps to detect the loss of unintended information in social networking, where Privometer measures the leakage of sensitive information from the user profiles to help the reduction of the identified issues. Paying Attention: (De Vries, Gensler Leeflang, 2012) has indicated the businesses to refer to a model, which can provide attention to the number of activities, which are conducted in the social media platforms like Facebook or Twitter. Based on the investigation to the particular work developed by (De Vries, Gensler Leeflang, 2012), it is observed that special attention must need to be provided to the posting of information. According to the process, the business or users must need to repost the previous post with the use of hash tag if the previous information is identified to be helpful in the different perspective. Fact-checking Platform: As disclosed by Evans (2012), the basic involvement of Verily is provided the major importance, as the model is utilised as a fact-checking platform for analysing the collected information both manually and technically. It is designed to eliminate the effects of fake information to the downturn of the business (Evans, 2012). The particular method helps the business to gather the accurate data and statistics for developing appropriate decision. Social Measurement: Measuring the social media responses is one of the most challenging issues for the small business as dictated by (Hollensen, 2015). Furthermore, the author has indicated that the measurement process engages the business to utilise the campaign-focused metrics and up-to-dated analytical tools helping the organizations to calculate the number of users with their opinions. The particular process ensures the high engagement rates of the users to the business to proliferate the possibility of growing sales and increasing brand awareness. 3.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Models Some of the major strengths of the identified social media models are highlighted below: Successful integration with different applications and websites to promote effective communication Increasing users engagement to the marketing initiatives and approaches Developing clear and precise understanding of the current market needs and trends Apart from the identified strengths, critical threats are also associated with the application of such models, which are disseminated below (Stephen Galak, 2012): Weakening the click-through-rate of advertisement Lack of maintaining different features associated with the social media campaigning process, such as dislike button, group or video chats, etc. Elimination of the entire risk of developing the protection of user information 4.0 Implementation of the Model 4.1 Context of implementation In the case of the SONET model, it should be implemented in the profile privacy settings of the user profile. Paying attention model should need to be considered for the posts that are shared previously by looking at their importance to the present context. The verily platform is required to be implemented in the process of sharing and collecting the information from the social media (De Vries, Gensler Leeflang, 2012). Lastly, campaign-focused metrics or different types of latest analytics must be implemented in the analysis of social media conversation. 4.2 Implementation In order to implement the SONET model, a bit-way implementation is required by the business providing end-to-end transport of the bit streams. Additionally, multiplexing should need to be done by byte interleaving. In the case of paying attention model, a statistical graph chart is necessary to be developed for tracking and measuring the responses from a particular post in the different periods. For implementing fact-checking platform model, Verily is needed to be introduced in the analytical process of the collected information, and the process should need to be carried out both manually and technically (De Vries, Gensler Leeflang, 2012). Lastly, statistical analysis and other marketing metrics are required to be adopted for implementing the effective use of social measurement model. 5.0 Evaluation of Implementation 5.1 Positive Outcomes of Implementation Number of increasing followers can be determined to measure the suitability of the business approaches Possible support can be delivered to the business expansion related objectives Development of open marketplace can be possible in the social media 5.2 negative Outcomes of Implementation Continuously changing technologic environment may obsolete the specific implementation Different ad-blocking extensions can be hinder the positive results of the implementation Chances of leaking the privacy can still remained open for the business and the users Conclusion By accomplishing the overall paper, it can be acknowledged that the adoption of new technology is often a complicated process for the business and requires the involvement of proper training. Because of the implementation of emerging technology, the businesses are often encountered with various kinds of challenges or restrictions from the potential users. Therefore, the organizations are highly required to adopt a suitable model in order to introduce the new technology favouring the small business (Hollensen, 2015). Based on the proposed models and frameworks, it should be mentioned additionally that the development process should needed to initiated after discussing effectively with the employees as well as potential users for recognising their challenges. Such process is significant enough to ease the transition associated with the overall process. References Albarran, A. B. (2013).The social media industries. Routledge. Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issue-social media and business transformation: A framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), 3-13. Brennan, R. (2014).Business-to-business Marketing(pp. 83-86). Springer New York. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012). Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), 117. Crittenden, V., Crittenden, W. (2015). Digital and Social Media Marketing in Business Education Implications for the Marketing Curriculum.Journal of Marketing Education, 0273475315588111. De Vries, L., Gensler, S., Leeflang, P. S. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An investigation of the effects of social media marketing.Journal of Interactive Marketing,26(2), 83-91. Duggan, M., Brenner, J. (2013). The demographics of social media users, 2012 (Vol. 14). Washington, DC: Pew Research Center's Internet American Life Project. Evans, D. (2012).Social media marketing: An hour a day. John Wiley Sons. Hennig-Thurau, T., Hofacker, C. F., Bloching, B. (2013). Marketing the pinball way: Understanding how social media change the generation of value for consumers and companies.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), 237-241. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Hudson, S., Thal, K. (2013). The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 156-160. Ingham, D., Bejan, A., Mamut, E., Pop, I. (Eds.). (2012). Emerging technologies and techniques in porous media (Vol. 134). Springer Science Business Media. Kim, A. J., Ko, E. (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), 1480-1486. Kumar, V., Bhaskaran, V., Mirchandani, R., Shah, M. (2013). Practice prize winner-creating a measurable social media marketing strategy: increasing the value and ROI of intangibles and tangibles for hokey pokey.Marketing Science,32(2), 194-212. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), 76-82. Luo, X., Zhang, J. (2013). How do consumer buzz and traffic in social media marketing predict the value of the firm?.Journal of Management Information Systems,30(2), 213-238. Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., Zhang, M. (2013). Managing customer relationships in the social media era: Introducing the social CRM house.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), 270-280. Newman, G., Wiggins, A., Crall, A., Graham, E., Newman, S., Crowston, K. (2012). The future of citizen science: emerging technologies and shifting paradigms. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10(6), 298-304. Sandilands, T. (2013). Advantages and disadvantages of social media marketing.. Seidel, R. J., Chatelier, P. R. (Eds.). (2013). Virtual Reality, Trainings Future?: Perspectives on Virtual Reality and Related Emerging Technologies (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Stephen, A. T., Galak, J. (2012). The effects of traditional and social earned media on sales: A study of a microlending marketplace.Journal of Marketing Research,49(5), 624-639. Thomas, M., Thomas, H. (2012). Using new social media and Web 2.0 technologies in business school teaching and learning.Journal of Management Development,31(4), 358-367. Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J. M., Rapp, A., Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM.Journal of Business Research,67(6), 1201-1208. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014).Social media marketing. Sage. Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press.

Solutions For Social Security Essays - Economy, Finance,

Solutions For Social Security Social Security is a hot topic of debate today, since most American's believe that the system is near collapse. The trust fund that Americans have been paying into for Social Security is likely to dry up in 2029 due to the large number of baby boomers heading into retirement. Franklin Roosevelt set up Social security to help the people that had worked and Struggled all their lives in honest toil. Social security was set up to accomplish two main goals. The first goal of Social Security is to act as a disability or life insurance policy that protects almost all Americans. Currently, there are seven million survivors of deceased workers and four million disabled Americans that receive income support from Social Security. The second goal is to provide lifetime retirement benefits that rise with inflation. Social Security payments for retirees are needed to keep half of the elderly Americans above the poverty line. A large number of baby boomers believe that they won't see a dime's worth of Social Security benefits, and most younger people assume that once they have reached retirement the program will be gone. There have been many proposed solutions to the Social Security problem. A first possible solution is to dramatically change the Social Security Payroll Tax. Another proposal is to change amount of benefits of the provided by Social Security. A third reform proposal includes investing Social Security money in stocks either by the government investing the money or by setting up mandatory IRA investing. Another major development in the future of Social Security is the recent proposals made by President Clinton's Advisory Committee on Social Security. In January of this year the Advisory Committee on Social Security presented a report of strategies to save Social Security. Shortly after the 261 page report was released there was a huge increase of debates and criticism over the future of Social Security. The issue facing American today is when and how to reform S ocial Security. Although the American public and political groups are unwilling to accept the burdens of social security reform, extensive reform is needed soon to continue paying the current benefits to American citizens. A change in the Social Security tax is a possible factor of reform to bring the Social Security program back on track. Currently the Social Security tax is a flat-rate tax paid on all employment earnings up to a specified limit. Due to inflation the limit is increased every year currently it is just over $60,000. This tax is much harder on a lower income individual because the higher income individual is only taxed on their income that is below a certain amount set every year. It has been proposed that if the limit on the payroll tax were lifted, two-thirds of the projected Social Security deficit would be eliminated. Once the limit on the payroll tax is lifted a rise in the tax rate of the employers and the employees by 1.1% is predicted to be enough to solve Social Security's problems. This is assuming that two evasive actions take place. First the government will have to keep its hands of this extra tax revenue gained by the tax increases. Second the proposed solution will only ha ve a chance to work if it is started immediately while the baby boomers are still able to add a little more cash to the trust fund for there own retirement. This solution isn't likely to be implemented by today's political system. The advisory council on Social Security would not pursue the lift of the limit because the support of the wealthy voters for Social Security reform would be lost. Americans are also weary of Social Security tax increases. The middle and lower class voters would also not support a Social Security tax increase. A recent poll by Money magazine found that 70% of the public is unwilling to pay more tax than the current 6.2% rate. Another proposed solution to Social Security's problems is a to decrease the amount of benefits received by retirees. The first way to reduce the amount of benefits that are being paid out is to adjust the CPI. Sen. Daniel Monynihan of New York (Dem.) has proposed that